蠡湖表层沉积物荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)荧光光谱特征

应用三维荧光光谱技术(EEMS),研究了蠡湖表层沉积物荧光溶解性有机质(FDOM)光谱特征,并探讨了沉积物中FDOM来源及与有机氮(SON)、无机氮(SIN)之间的相关性.结果表明,蠡湖表层沉积物FDOM由2类3个荧光组分组成,即类腐殖质荧光组分C1(240,310/420 nm)、C2(260,360/460 nm)和类色氨酸荧光组分C3(225,275/340 nm).总荧光强度变化范围为:49.97~159.19 R.U.·g-1,在空间上呈自东向西依次递减,且沿岸区高于湖心区的趋势,C1、C2和C3相对比例分别为33.63%、26.87%、39.49%.荧光指数(FI)、生物源指数(BIX)和腐殖化指数(HIX)的变化范围分别为:1.96~2.22、0.69~0.94、2.62~4.39,显示蠡湖表层沉积物FDOM的来源具有自生源特性,主要为自生微生物、藻类等新近自生源.相关性分析表明,表层沉积物FDOM各组分与SON和SIN均呈显著正相关(P0.01),且与SIN的相关性较高.     

石化罐区挥发性有机物源强反演技术的研究

石化企业是国民经济的支柱,亦是重大的污染排放源,其中大气污染以VOCs为主,而石化罐区是石化企业最常用的生产装置,研究石化罐区VOCs的核算具有重要的意义。同时,遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术以独特的优势,被广泛地应用于大气环境监测中,国内外一些研究学者试图将遥感傅里叶红外光谱技术与VOCs源强反演技术相结合,开发一条VOCs源强核算的新路。基于我国石化罐区的实际情况,提出了一种以遥感傅里叶变换红外光谱技术为监测手段,以石化罐区VOCs源强反演技术-扩散模式反推法为理论基础的石化罐区无组织排放VOCs源强反演的新方法,并介绍了其相关的研究理论、研究方法、研究进展,以及目前所存在的问题,为VOCs源强反演提供了一种新思路。     

配水管网细菌活性影响因素

为研究配水管网水中细菌活性的变化规律,以北方某市试验室模拟配水管网为对象,应用荧光显微镜对经吖啶橙染色的细菌进行直接镜检并计数,以更准确地对细菌活性进行定量分析.以活菌数占细菌总数的比值来表征整体细菌活性,并研究多种因素对配水管网水中细菌活性的影响.结果表明,吖啶橙染色荧光显微镜直接镜检应用于管网水中细菌计数能够快速得到较稳定的结果,计数结果重现性好.试验水样中的活菌数10~3~10~4cells·m L~(-1),细菌总数10~4~10~5cells·m L~(-1).管网水中整体细菌活性与水温、浊度和流速都存在正相关关系;与运行稳定后的水中余氯存在负相关关系.模拟配水管网水中常见形态的细菌对次氯酸钠消毒剂的耐受能力依次为:短杆形菌球形菌长杆形菌弧形菌,并且杆形菌恢复活性和再繁殖的能力较强.夏季水样中短杆形菌多于冬季.     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for rapid detection of aneuploidy: experience in 911 prenatal cases†

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with probes specific for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y on 911 of 11123 (8.2%) amniotic fluid samples submitted to the present authors' laboratory for cytogenetic analysis over an 8-year period. Altogether 3516 hybridizations were performed with an interpretable FISH result on all chromosomes requested in 884/911 (97%) of cases. An uninformative FISH result occurred in 44 hybridizations among 27 cases (3%). Of a total of 89 karyotypically proven cases with aneuploidy that might have been detected by FISH, the overall detection rate was 84%. An inconclusive or incomplete FISH result occurred in 9/89 (10%) of these proven aneuploid cases. In the remaining 80 informative proven aneuploid cases, correct detection of aneuploidy was accomplished in 75/80 (94%) of samples. A false-negative result occurred in the remaining 5/80 (6%) of such informative cases. Eighteen cases had karyotypically proven abnormalities that could not have been detected by the targeted FISH. Aside from these 18 cases, FISH allowed correct detection of normal disomy in 785/804 (98%) of such cases. An incomplete FISH result occurred in 18 normal disomic cases. There was a single possible ‘false-positive’ FISH result for chromosome 21. Interphase FISH analysis of uncultured amniotic fluid cells has been shown to be a useful laboratory tool for rapid fetal aneuploidy screening during pregnancy. As with all clinical laboratory diagnostic tests, incomplete or inconclusive results (or even interpretive errors) occur in a small percentage of cases. Nevertheless, FISH results accompanied by other data and by appropriate counseling provide clinicians and patients with valuable information for clinical decision-making surrounding family planning and pregnancy management. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Speciation and quantitation of degradation products of silicones (Silane/Siloxane Diols) by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry and stability of dimethylsilanediol

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methodology was developed to speciate and quantitate several degradation products of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in soil. We have demonstrated that the major degradation product,viz., dimethylsilanediol, can be readily analyzed by GC-MS without derivatization as commonly practiced in analyzing such materials. A mixture of linear siloxane diols (n = 1–5, wheren is the number of Me₂SiO units), and cyclic dimethylsiloxanes (n = 4–6) was resolved by GC-MS. We also found that peak identity of various diols required that GC-MS is done in the chemical ionization (CI) mode, since the electron impact (EI) ionization mode produced similar mass fragmentation patterns for diols and cyclics containing the same number of silicon atoms. For siloxane diols, detection limits ranged from 100 pg (forn = 1) to 1 ng (for n = 5). For cyclics, the detection limit was about 1 pg. Dimethylsilanediol, known to be unstable even in the solid state, was shown by NMR techniques to be stable in aqueous solution at <0.1% concentration. A 100-ppm solution was stable for over a year. Purity check for dimethylsilanediol is best carried out by Si-29 solid-state NMR technique.     

玉米,大豆中减钾总β放射性的快速测定方法

本文以原子吸收光谱法代替经典的化学法测定钾含量,以短时间方法测定总β,经优选条件后,实现了减钾总β放射性的快速分析。     

超细Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

以共沉淀法制备Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ固溶体,在液相反应阶段、干燥阶段和灼烧阶段分别采取快速喷射和加入表面活性剂、正丁醇共沸蒸脱水以及选择适当灼烧温度等手段控制团聚体的生成,制得超细颗粒Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体。     

Voltammetric and Spectroscopic Determination of Toxic Metals in Sediments and Sea Water of Salerno Gulf

In this present work the distribution of heavy metals in sea water and sediments of the Salerno Gulf is measured. The elements determined were Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg, employing, as instrumental techniques, either differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). A comparison of the results of the two analytical techniques is also made. Mercury determination was carried out employing the cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS) technique, with SnCl₂ as the reducing agent. The sample digestion was performed by a new procedure using concentrated suprapure H₂SO₄–K₂Cr₂O₇ mixture. The accuracy and precision of the analytical procedure were evaluated employing Sea Water BCR-CRM 403 and Estuarine Sediment BCR-CRM 277 as reference materials. Accuracy, expressed as relative error e and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation s_r, were in order of 2 to 5%. For both matrices, the detection limits, for all the elements, were in the range g g_-1 to ng g_-1.     

拟除虫菊酯对DPPC脂质体结构的影响

以DPH荧光偏振技术研究了含氰基和不含氰基两类拟菊酯与DPPC单层脂体间的相互作用。拟菊酯作用于膜的疏水区,降低DPPC脂质体的相变温度,加宽相变范围,随其浓度增加对磷脂有序排列的破坏加剧。氯菊酯具有干扰磷脂有序排列的能力,在凝胶态随其浓度的增加,P值降低幅度增大,在液晶态对P值基本无影响。氰基的导入,使北京菊酯、氯氰菊酯和杀灭菊酯既具有干扰磷脂有序排列的能力,又能产生荧光碰撞猝灭,在凝胶态,先降低P值,然后P值增大,当其浓度较大时,P值又略有下降,在液晶态,低浓度对P值影响不大,浓度较高时P值明显上升。